Telesikopi yubumenyi bwikirere nubumenyi bwabana bigerageza urwego rwa telesikope

Ibipimo byibicuruzwa

Iboneza:

Indorerwamo y'amaso: h20mm, h6mm y'amaso abiri

1.5x indorerwamo nziza

90 dogere zenith indorerwamo

Uburebure bwa cm 38 ya aluminium

Icyemezo cy'ikarita ya garanti

Ibipimo nyamukuru:

Uburebure / uburebure: 360mm, urumuri rwinshi: 50mm

Times Inshuro 60 ninshuro 18 birashobora guhuzwa, naho inshuro 90 ninshuro 27 bishobora guhuzwa nindorerwamo nziza 1.5x

Resolution imyanzuro ya theoretical: arcseconds 2.000, ihwanye nibintu bibiri bifite intera ya cm 0.970 kuri metero 1000.

Lens nyamukuru ya barrel ibara: ifeza (nkuko bigaragara ku ishusho)

★ uburemere: hafi 1kg

Agasanduku k'inyuma: 44cm * 21cm * 10cm

Kureba guhuza: 1.5x indorerwamo nziza h20mm ijisho (ishusho nziza)

Amategeko yo gukoresha:

1. Kuramo ibirenge byunganira, shyira ingunguru ya telesikopi ku ngogo hanyuma uyihinduremo imigozi minini ifunga.

2. Shyiramo indorerwamo ya zenith muri silindiri yibandaho hanyuma uyikosore hamwe na screw.

3. Shyira ijisho ku ndorerwamo ya zenith hanyuma ukosore hamwe na screw.

4. Niba ushaka gukuza hamwe nindorerwamo nziza, shyira hagati yijisho ryijisho na lisansi ya lens (nta mpamvu yo gushiraho indorerwamo ya zenith 90), kugirango ubone umubiri wijuru.

Telesikopi ya Astronomiya ni iki?

Telesikopi ya Astronomique nigikoresho nyamukuru cyo kureba imibiri yo mwijuru no gufata amakuru yo mwijuru.Kuva Galileo yakora telesikope ya mbere mu 1609, telesikope yagiye itera imbere.Kuva kuri optique kugeza kuri bande yuzuye, kuva hasi kugera mumwanya, ubushobozi bwo kureba telesikope buragenda bukomera, kandi amakuru menshi yumubiri wo mwijuru arashobora gufatwa.Abantu bafite telesikopi mumashanyarazi ya electromagnetic, neutrinos, imiraba ya rukuruzi, imirasire yisi nibindi.

Amateka y'Iterambere:

Telesikopi yakomotse ku kirahure.Abantu batangiye gukoresha ibirahure hashize imyaka 700.Amatangazo agera kuri 1300, Abataliyani batangiye gukora ibirahuri byo gusoma hamwe na convex.Hafi ya 1450, ibirahuri bya myopia nabyo byagaragaye.Mu 1608, umutoza wa H. Lippershey, uruganda rukora impuzu z’amaso y’Ubuholandi, yavumbuye ku buryo butunguranye ko mu guhuriza hamwe lens ebyiri, yashoboraga kubona ibintu kure.Mu 1609, igihe Galileo, umuhanga mu Butaliyani yumvaga ibyavumbuwe, yahise akora telesikope ye ayikoresha mu kureba inyenyeri.Kuva icyo gihe, telesikope ya mbere y’inyenyeri yavutse.Galileo yitegereje ibintu by'izuba, ibizunguruka ukwezi, satelite ya Jupiter (satelite ya Galileo) n'inyungu no gutakaza Venusi hamwe na telesikope ye, ibyo bikaba byashyigikiraga cyane ibitekerezo bya heliocentric ya Copernic.Telesikopi ya Galileo ikozwe mu ihame ryo kugabanya urumuri, bityo rwitwa kuvunika.

Mu 1663, umuhanga mu bumenyi bw'ikirere witwa Scottish Gregory yakoze indorerwamo ya Gregory akoresheje ihame ryerekana urumuri, ariko ntibyakunzwe kubera ikoranabuhanga ridakuze.Mu 1667, umuhanga mu Bwongereza Newton yahinduye gato igitekerezo cya Gregory maze akora indorerwamo ya Newtonian.Ubushobozi bwayo ni 2,5cm gusa, ariko gukura ni inshuro zirenga 30.Irakuraho kandi itandukaniro ryibara rya telesikope yo kugabanya, bigatuma ikora neza.Mu 1672, Umufaransa Cassegrain yakoze igishushanyo mbonera cya Cassegrain gikoreshwa cyane ukoresheje indorerwamo za convex na convex.Telesikopi ifite uburebure burebure, uburebure bwa lens umubiri, gukuza no gushushanya neza;Irashobora gukoreshwa mugufotora imibiri minini nini nini yo mwijuru.Telesikope ya Hubble ikoresha ubu bwoko bwa telesikope.

Mu 1781, abahanga mu bumenyi bw’inyenyeri bo mu Bwongereza W. Herschel na C. Herschel bavumbuye Uranus bafite indorerwamo ya cm 15 yonyine.Kuva icyo gihe, abahanga mu bumenyi bw'ikirere bongeyeho imirimo myinshi kuri telesikope kugira ngo igire ubushobozi bwo gusesengura ibintu n'ibindi.Mu 1862, abahanga mu bumenyi bw’inyenyeri bo muri Amerika Clark n'umuhungu we (A. Clark na A. g. Clark) bakoze retrator ya aperture ya cm 47 bafata amafoto yinyenyeri ya Sirius.Mu 1908, umuhanga mu bumenyi bw'ikirere muri Amerika Haier yayoboye iyubakwa ry'indorerwamo ya metero 1.53 kugira ngo ifate inyenyeri za Sirius.Mu 1948, telesikope ya Haier yararangiye.Uburebure bwa metero 5.08 birahagije kwitegereza no gusesengura intera n'umuvuduko ugaragara w'imibumbe ya kure.

Mu 1931, umudage optique Schmidt yakoze telesikope ya Schmidt, naho mu 1941, umuhanga mu bumenyi bw’inyenyeri w’Abasoviyeti sutov akora ikimenyetso cya sutov Cassegrain reentry indorerwamo, ikungahaza ubwoko bwa telesikopi.

Mubihe bigezweho kandi bigezweho, telesikopi yubumenyi bwikirere ntikigarukira gusa kuri bande ya optique.Mu 1932, Abashakashatsi ba Radiyo y'Abanyamerika bavumbuye imirasire ya radiyo hagati ya galaxy ya Nyamata, ibyo bikaba byavutse ivuka rya radiyo.Nyuma yo kohereza icyogajuru cyakozwe n'abantu mu 1957, telesikopi yo mu kirere yarateye imbere.Kuva mu kinyejana gishya, telesikopi nshya nka neutrinos, ibintu byijimye hamwe n'imiraba ya rukuruzi irazamuka.Noneho, ubutumwa bwinshi bwoherejwe numubiri wo mwijuru bwabaye ikigega cyabahanga mu bumenyi bw’inyenyeri, kandi iyerekwa ryabantu riragenda ryaguka.

Mu ntangiriro z'Ugushyingo 2021, nyuma yigihe kinini cyo guteza imbere ubwubatsi no kugerageza kwishyira hamwe, telesikope ya James Webb yari itegerejwe na benshi (JWST) amaherezo yageze aho yoherejwe iherereye muri Guiana y’Abafaransa kandi izashyirwa ahagaragara mu minsi ya vuba.

Ihame ryakazi rya telesikope yubumenyi bwikirere:

Ihame ryakazi rya telesikope yubumenyi bwikirere ni uko intumbero yibikoresho (lens ya convex) yibanda kumashusho, ikongerwaho nijisho (lens convex).Yibanze kumurongo wibikoresho hanyuma ikongerwaho nijisho.Intego yibikoresho hamwe nijisho ryibice bibiri bitandukanye, kugirango uzamure ubwiza bwamashusho.Ongera ubukana bwurumuri kuri buri gace, kugirango abantu babone ibintu byijimye nibindi bisobanuro.Icyinjira mumaso yawe ni nkurumuri ruringaniye, kandi ibyo ubona nigishusho cyibitekerezo gikuzwa nijisho.Nukwagura inguni ntoya yo gufungura yikintu cya kure ukurikije gukuza runaka, kuburyo ifite inguni nini yo gufungura mumwanya wibishusho, kuburyo ikintu kidashobora kugaragara cyangwa gutandukanywa nijisho ryonyine kigaragara neza kandi gitandukanijwe.Nuburyo bwa optique butuma ibyabaye bibangikanye urumuri rusohokanye binyuze mumurongo wibikoresho hamwe nijisho.Muri rusange hari ubwoko butatu:

1 、 Gukuraho telesikope ni telesikope ifite lens nkibintu bifatika.Irashobora kugabanwa muburyo bubiri: telesikope ya Galileo ifite lens ya conge nkijisho ryijisho;Kepler telesikope hamwe na lens ya convex nkijisho.Kuberako chromatic aberration hamwe na spherical aberration yintego imwe yintego birakomeye cyane, telesikopi igezweho ikunze gukoresha amatsinda abiri cyangwa menshi.

2 te Telesikopi yerekana ni telesikope ifite indorerwamo ifatanye nk'intego ifatika.Irashobora kugabanywa muri telesikope ya Newton, telesikope ya Cassegrain nubundi bwoko.Inyungu nyamukuru ya telesikope yerekana ni uko nta chromatic aberration.Iyo intumbero yibikoresho ifata paraboloide, aberrasique nayo irashobora kuvaho.Ariko, kugirango ugabanye ingaruka zizindi aberasiyo, umwanya uhari wo kureba ni muto.Ibikoresho byo gukora indorerwamo bisaba gusa kwaguka kwagutse, guhangayika gake no gusya byoroshye.

3 es Telesikopi ya Catadioptric ishingiye ku ndorerwamo ya serefegitire kandi ikongerwamo ibintu byoroheje byo gukosora aberration, bishobora kwirinda ibintu binini binini bitunganijwe kandi bikagira ireme ryiza.Icyamamare ni telesikope ya Schmidt, ishyira icyapa cya Schmidt cyo gukosora hagati ya serefegitire yindorerwamo.Ubuso bumwe nindege naho ubundi nubuso bworoheje bwa asiferique, bigatuma igice cyo hagati cyibiti gihuza gato naho igice cya peripheri kigahinduka gato, gusa gikosora aberrasiya na coma.